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Smart product design for automotive systems

A. Galip ULSOY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第1期   页码 102-112 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0527-0

摘要： Automobiles evolved from primarily mechanical to electro-mechanical, or mechatronic, vehicles. For example, carburetors have been replaced by fuel injection and air-fuel ratio control, leading to order of magnitude improvements in fuel economy and emissions. Mechatronic systems are pervasive in modern automobiles and represent a synergistic integration of mechanics, electronics and computer science. They are smart systems, whose design is more challenging than the separate design of their mechanical, electronic and computer/control components. In this review paper, two recent methods for the design of mechatronic components are summarized and their applications to problems in automotive control are highlighted. First, the combined design, or co-design, of a smart artifact and its controller is considered. It is shown that the combined design of an artifact and its controller can lead to improved performance compared to sequential design. The coupling between the artifact and controller design problems is quantified, and methods for co-design are presented. The control proxy function method, which provides ease of design as in the sequential approach and approximates the performance of the co-design approach, is highlighted with application to the design of a passive/active automotive suspension. Second, the design for component swapping modularity (CSM) of a distributed controller for a smart product is discussed. CSM is realized by employing distributed controllers residing in networked smart components, with bidirectional communication over the network. Approaches to CSM design are presented, as well as applications of the method to a variable-cam-timing engine, and to enable battery swapping in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

关键词： mechatronics     automotive control     co-design     component swapping modularity     active suspensions     variable camshaft timing engine     plug-in hybrid electric vehicle    

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Calibration of catalyst temperature in automotive engines over coldstart operation in the presence of

Nasser L. AZAD,Ahmad MOZAFFARI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第4期   页码 405-412 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0354-x

摘要：

The main scope of the current study is to develop a systematic stochastic model to capture the undesired uncertainty and random noises on the key parameters affecting the catalyst temperature over the coldstart operation of automotive engine systems. In the recent years, a number of articles have been published which aim at the modeling and analysis of automotive engines’ behavior during coldstart operations by using regression modeling methods. Regarding highly nonlinear and uncertain nature of the coldstart operation, calibration of the engine system’s variables, for instance the catalyst temperature, is deemed to be an intricate task, and it is unlikely to develop an exact physics-based nonlinear model. This encourages automotive engineers to take advantage of knowledge-based modeling tools and regression approaches. However, there exist rare reports which propose an efficient tool for coping with the uncertainty associated with the collected database. Here, the authors introduce a random noise to experimentally derived data and simulate an uncertain database as a representative of the engine system’s behavior over coldstart operations. Then, by using a Gaussian process regression machine (GPRM), a reliable model is used for the sake of analysis of the engine’s behavior. The simulation results attest the efficacy of GPRM for the considered case study. The research outcomes confirm that it is possible to develop a practical calibration tool which can be reliably used for modeling the catalyst temperature.

关键词： automotive engine     calibration     coldstart operation     Gaussian process regression machine (GPRM)     uncertainty and random noises    

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Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality

WU Rui, LI Guangyi, ZHANG Zongyi, REN Yulong, HAN Weijian

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 292-298 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0049-6

摘要： Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.

关键词： dedicated     primary     economic     alternative     abundant    

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Automotive revolution and carbon neutrality

《能源前沿（英文）》   页码 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0890-8

摘要： The automotive industry is in the midst of a groundbreaking revolution, driven by the imperative to achieve intelligent driving and carbon neutrality. A crucial aspect of this transformation is the transition to electric vehicles (EVs), which necessitates widespread changes throughout the entire automotive ecosystem. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of this transition, including automotive electrification, intelligence-connected transportation system, and the potential for new technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells. Meanwhile, it discusses the key technologies and progress of the hydrogen energy industry chain in the upstream hydrogen production, midstream hydrogen storage and transportation, downstream hydrogen station construction and hydrogen fuel cells in turn. Finally, it proposes the directions for future layout, providing guidance for future development.

关键词： automotive revolution     electric vehicles (EVs)     hydrogen energy     fuel cell    

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钛在汽车工业中的应用及降低钛材成本的工艺

杨遇春

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期   页码 9-17

摘要：

叙述了钛在减轻汽车自重、节约燃油、保护环境、降低噪声、提高汽车性能方面的优势和应用领域及趋势。介绍并评价了几种降低海绵钛与钛材成本的工艺技术。

关键词： 钛     汽车用钛材     钛冶金新工艺    

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无人驾驶技术发展对策研究

杨艳明,高增桂,张子龙,沈悦,王林军

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第6期   页码 101-104 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.016

摘要：

无人驾驶技术被认为是运载工程领域极具颠覆性的一项技术。本文通过专家访谈、对比分析和文献研究等方法，对无人驾驶技术的发展态势、发展阶段进行了分析，并从潜在价值和社会影响进行了评估；提出通过加强汽车线控技术、能源动力技术和驾驶认知技术研究推动无人驾驶技术发展的具体对策。

关键词： 颠覆性技术     无人驾驶技术     汽车线控技术     能源动力技术     驾驶认知技术    

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新时代汽车强国战略研究综述（一）

钟志华,乔英俊,王建强,杨沿平,杨波,王东升,赵世佳,邓慧

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第1期   页码 1-10 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.001

摘要：

本文为中国工程院“汽车强国战略研究”综述的第一部分（共两部分），对汽车发展总体情况进行了梳理，分析了我国汽车发展面临的新形势和新动态，总结出我国迎来建设汽车强国新一轮重大机遇。在此基础上，阐明了新时代“汽车强国”的内涵，提出了汽车产业提质增效和汽车社会协调发展是新时代“汽车强国”的两个主要特征。最后从十个方面论述了新时代建设汽车强国的重要意义。

关键词： 汽车强国     汽车产业     汽车社会    

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车辆舱室、外表面和机载电子设备的热管理概述 Review

Garrett J. Marshall, Colin P. Mahony, Matthew J. Rhodes, Steve R. Daniewicz, Nicholas Tsolas, Scott M. Thompson

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第5期   页码 954-969 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.009

摘要：

减少车辆内部的热量积累并确保适当的车辆温度水平可以提高车辆的燃油经济性、行驶里程、可靠性、使用寿命、乘客舒适度和安全性。随着新技术、消费者需求、社会关注和政府法规的出现和发展，汽车热管理的改善仍然是关键。本文总结了汽车热管理技术和建模的最新进展，重点研究了三个关键领域：汽车舱室、电子设备和外部部件。所涵盖的有关舱室的主题包括减少热负荷和改善暖通空调（heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, HVAC）系统的方法；以及窗户玻璃/着色和车辆表面处理方面的改善。讨论了关于电子设备的热管理，包括电池和绝缘栅双极晶体管（insulatedgate bipolar transistor, IGBT），以及采用热管、散热器、射流冲击、强制对流和相变材料的主动和被动降温方法。最后，在考虑阻力/摩擦力和环境影响的情况下，回顾了建立和增强车辆外部部件传热模型的工作。尽管我们在汽车热管理领域取得了一定的进步，但挑战仍然存在；本文对主要问题进行了概括，并提出了进一步研究的建议。

关键词： 车辆设计     汽车工程     电子产品包装     热管     气候控制     加热、通风和空调     电池降温     热浸    

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Recycling polymeric waste from electronic and automotive sectors into value added products

Abhishek Kumar, Veena Choudhary, Rita Khanna, Romina Cayumil, Muhammad Ikram-ul-Haq, Veena Sahajwalla, Shiva Kumar I. Angadi, Ganapathy E. Paruthy, Partha S. Mukherjee, Miles Park

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0991-x

摘要： The environmentally sustainable disposal and recycling of ever increasing volumes of electronic waste has become global waste management issue. The addition of up to 25% polymeric waste PCBs (printed circuit boards) as fillers in polypropylene (PP) composites was partially successful: while the tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites were enhanced, the tensile and impact strengths were found to decrease. As a lowering of impact strength can significantly limit the application of PP based composites, it is necessary to incorporate impact modifying polymers such as rubbery particles in the mix. We report on a novel investigation on the simultaneous utilization of electronic and automotive rubber waste as fillers in PP composites. These composites were prepared by using 25 wt.% polymeric PCB powder, up to 9% of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and PP: balance. The influence of EPR on the structural, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of PP/PCB/EPR composites was investigated. While the addition of EPR caused the nucleation of the β crystalline phase of PP, the onset temperature for thermal degradation was found to decrease by 8%. The tensile modulus and strength decreased by 16% and 19%, respectively; and the elongation at break increased by ~71%. The impact strength showed a maximum increase of ~18% at 7 wt.%–9 wt.% EPR content. Various rheological properties were found to be well within the range of processing limits. This novel eco-friendly approach could help utilize significant amounts of polymeric electronic and automotive waste for fabricating valuable polymer composites.

关键词： E-waste     Polymer composites     Recycling     Rubber     Waste PCBs     Filler    

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铝合金汽车板性能及其应用

马鸣图,游江海,路洪洲,王志文

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第9期   页码 4-20

摘要：

深入讨论了预处理工艺的影响并说明了该工艺在保证铝合金汽车板使用性能的重要性。介绍了铝合金汽车板在汽车上的典型应用。基于笔者认识和目前的研究进展，提出了汽车用铝合金汽车板的重点研发内容，降低成本和价格，做好应用研究是扩大铝合金汽车板在汽车上应用的重要工作。

关键词： 汽车轻量化     铝合金     汽车板材     力学性能     成形性     预处理工艺    

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汽车用非调质钢的研究进展

陈蕴博,马鸣图,王国栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第2期   页码 4-17

摘要：

综述了国内外非调质钢的应用现状及发展趋势。探讨了非调质钢的强韧化机理及手段，并从非调质钢强化方程、微合金元素固溶度积方程、晶内铁素体强化、控轧-控冷技术等方面阐述了非调质钢强韧化的研究动向。列举了各类非调质钢的典型应用，分析了非调质钢在我国生产及应用中的问题，并给出扩大非调质钢生产应用的建议。

关键词： 非调质钢     开发与应用     微合金化     强化原理    

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Acoustic analysis of lightweight auto-body based on finite element method and boundary element method

LIANG Xinhua, ZHU Ping, LIN Zhongqin, ZHANG Yan

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 99-103 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0017-7

摘要： A lightweight automotive prototype using alternative materials and gauge thickness is studied by a numerical method. The noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance is the main target of this study. In the range of 1 150 Hz, the frequency response function (FRF) of the body structure is calculated by a finite element method (FEM) to get the dynamic behavior of the auto-body structure. The pressure response of the interior acoustic domain is solved by a boundary element method (BEM). To find the most contributing panel to the inner sound pressure, the panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) is performed. Finally, the most contributing panel is located and the resulting structural optimization is found to be more efficient.

关键词： harshness     automotive prototype     structural optimization     vibration     efficient    

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智能网联汽车信息安全管理的实施对策

赵世佳,徐可,薛晓卿,乔英俊

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第3期   页码 108-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.006

摘要：

新一轮科技和产业变革加速融合，智能网联汽车为消费者提供了便利的使用方式、丰富的应用内容和安全的驾驶环境，但同时，由智能化、网联化带来的信息安全问题也面临着多重风险。近年来黑客攻击频发，信息安全问题不仅会影响行车安全、造成用户数据泄露，更使国家安全受到威胁。安全问题已经引发各国政府的高度重视，美国、欧洲和日本等主要发达国家和地区都在积极行动。在此背景下，我国应尽快推动统筹智能网联汽车信息安全的发展和管理，积极布局、合理规划，全力保障智能网联汽车信息安全，推动智能网联汽车的稳步发展。

关键词： 智能网联汽车     信息安全     汽车产业     管理    

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高品质铝合金汽车板预处理气垫炉技术

李勇,王昭东,马鸣图,王国栋,付天亮,李家栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第1期   页码 14-22

摘要：

首先介绍了铝带预处理的原理、工艺特点及气垫炉的工作原理，研究了汽车板生产工艺流程中的难点和重点，指出了气垫炉的工艺位置和不可替代的重要作用；回顾了铝带气垫炉生产线的发展过程，并对其进行了阶段划分和总结；分析了铝带气垫炉的研究现状，对其关键技术进行了深入分析，提出了铝合金汽车板气垫炉技术今后在工艺、设备及控制模型方面的研究重点。随着汽车行业轻量化的快速发展，汽车用铝带气垫炉装备、生产工艺技术的研究与开发必将迎来一个新的发展阶段。

关键词： 铝合金     汽车板     沙特板     气垫炉     预处理工艺    

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智能城市(iCity) 中自动驾驶汽车工业的关键挑战——高清地图 Perspective

Heiko G. Seif,胡晓龙

《工程（英文）》 2016年 第2卷 第2期   页码 159-162 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.010

摘要：

本文对未来城市中自动驾驶的必要技术进行了深入的分析，从车载电脑运算、数据处理、路边基础设施和云解决方案等不同方面反映了科技的发展状况，主要对自动驾驶的核心技术——高清地图的应用所带来的挑战进行了描述。

关键词： 自动驾驶     交通基础设施     智能城市(iCity)     Car-to-X 通信系统     汽车通信     高清地图    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Smart product design for automotive systems

A. Galip ULSOY

期刊论文

Calibration of catalyst temperature in automotive engines over coldstart operation in the presence of

Nasser L. AZAD,Ahmad MOZAFFARI

期刊论文

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality

WU Rui, LI Guangyi, ZHANG Zongyi, REN Yulong, HAN Weijian

期刊论文

Automotive revolution and carbon neutrality

期刊论文

钛在汽车工业中的应用及降低钛材成本的工艺

杨遇春

期刊论文

无人驾驶技术发展对策研究

杨艳明,高增桂,张子龙,沈悦,王林军

期刊论文

新时代汽车强国战略研究综述（一）

钟志华,乔英俊,王建强,杨沿平,杨波,王东升,赵世佳,邓慧

期刊论文

车辆舱室、外表面和机载电子设备的热管理概述

Garrett J. Marshall, Colin P. Mahony, Matthew J. Rhodes, Steve R. Daniewicz, Nicholas Tsolas, Scott M. Thompson

期刊论文

Recycling polymeric waste from electronic and automotive sectors into value added products

Abhishek Kumar, Veena Choudhary, Rita Khanna, Romina Cayumil, Muhammad Ikram-ul-Haq, Veena Sahajwalla, Shiva Kumar I. Angadi, Ganapathy E. Paruthy, Partha S. Mukherjee, Miles Park

期刊论文

铝合金汽车板性能及其应用

马鸣图,游江海,路洪洲,王志文

期刊论文

汽车用非调质钢的研究进展

陈蕴博,马鸣图,王国栋

期刊论文

Acoustic analysis of lightweight auto-body based on finite element method and boundary element method

LIANG Xinhua, ZHU Ping, LIN Zhongqin, ZHANG Yan

期刊论文

智能网联汽车信息安全管理的实施对策

赵世佳,徐可,薛晓卿,乔英俊

期刊论文

高品质铝合金汽车板预处理气垫炉技术

李勇,王昭东,马鸣图,王国栋,付天亮,李家栋

期刊论文

智能城市(iCity) 中自动驾驶汽车工业的关键挑战——高清地图

Heiko G. Seif,胡晓龙

期刊论文